Blog Post

Back to Basics

Derek Smith • 19 March 2022
Within our Society we have photographers of all abilities, and whether you are a beginner, or an experienced photographer it’s sometimes good to review our photography skills. 

Compositional Techniques – A photo should always tell a story, a narrative that conveys the subject, or point of interest of the image immediately to the viewer, so remember that lines pointing toward the subject can guide the eye. Having the subject brighter than the surrounding area is also a good technique, a shaft of light on a building can often be utilised when a break in the clouds allows. Very bright grey featureless skies can be the bane of landscape photography, try tilting the camera down to reduce the amount of sky in the final image, or try photographing the scene at a different time of day. The positioning of a subject within the photo frame is also important, if the subject can move, give it room to move into the frame, if the subject has eyes have the direction of gaze looking into the frame, or look at a point of interest within the frame, in portraiture perhaps the subject could look directly at the photographer. Decide from the outset what to include in the photo, or even more importantly what to leave out.

Focus Points – With modern digital cameras a photographer should be able to control the size, and positioning of the focus point. Leaving the focus on automatic, and wide runs the risk of the camera focus locking onto something other than your subject, or a point of interest, usually it’s the nearest thing to the camera, a blade of grass, or a tree!! Learn how to control the size, and position of the focus point on your camera thus ensuring the subject of the image is sharp.

Get Out of Auto – We use the auto exposure mode regularly on our mobile phones, and sometimes on our cameras, and there’s nothing fundamentally wrong with taking photos on Auto mode however, a photographer can be far more creative, and produce a more impactful image by selecting Aperture Priority on the camera. 

Aperture Priority Explained – The aperture of a lens, the size of the iris, the hole that lets the light into the camera via the lens, is controlled by the aperture blades. Using Aperture Priority mode allows the photographer to control, and vary the aperture, to adjust for the scene, and the ambient light. The size of aperture is denoted by what’s known as an “f” number, with the lowest “f” number opening the widest, and therefore letting the most light into the camera. In Aperture Priority mode as the aperture is varied, the camera automatically adjusts the shutter speed to give the correct exposure. Learning the effects of the different apertures can be slightly daunting for someone new to photography, so as we now know that in Aperture Priority mode adjusting the aperture also adjusts the shutter speed I would like you to think of the aperture settings, in bands, related to the shutter speed. 

Fast: f/1.0 – f/3.5, sometimes referred to as “wide open”, allows the most light into the camera, and therefore gives the highest shutter speeds. Useful for indoor low light situations, and portraits. 

Medium: f/4 – f/7.1, allows less light into the camera, useful for photography of birds, small mammals, and portraits.
 
Slow: f/8 – f/16, often referred to as “stopped down”, this is an ideal setting for landscape, architecture, and portraits. 

It is also useful to remember that most lenses produce the sharpest images between f/4 – f/8. 

Practical Application – Learn how to locate, and be able to adjust the aperture, on your camera. Setting the Mode Dial to “A” or “Av” puts the camera into Aperture Priority mode, and usually a control wheel on the camera adjusts the aperture range. One other control to consider is ISO, which controls the sensitivity of the sensor. Locate, and be able to adjust the ISO on your particular model of camera, you may have to press a button on the back of the camera, to enable adjustment of the ISO. 

Exercise – Having located the Aperture, and ISO controls on the camera, try this practical exercise; set the aperture to the “Fastest” aperture for your camera / lens combination, it may be f/2, or f/3.5. Set the ISO to 200, half press the shutter button and note the shutter speed, either in the viewfinder, or on the rear screen. Now, double the ISO to 400, and the shutter speed will double as well, repeat the experiment, at ISO settings of 800, 1600, and 3200, and observe the shutter speed double each time. You now have total control of your camera!!

It is useful to understand that a shutter speed of 1/60, and above, should enable a blur free handheld image of a static subject, (although image stabilisation, a tripod, or a convenient fence may help to steady the camera when using a slower shutter speed), and that a faster shutter speed of 1/250 will freeze action in a moving subject. 


Sample Images 

Wine glasses: This monochrome image taken at a “Fast” aperture of f/2, ISO 200, and shutter speed of 1/200 demonstrates a creative aspect of a “Fast” aperture, the foremost wine glass is sharp, but the wine glasses behind are blurred, and this type of image is not possible in Automatic Mode. 

Victorian Sewing Kit: This image taken in a National Trust property which do not allow flash photography. Using a “Medium” aperture this time of f/4.5, ISO 6400, and shutter speed of 1/8, (utilising the camera stabilisation), I found the colours very pleasing. 

Ninja: This image of a speeding motorcycle was taken at Cadwell circuit, the “Medium” aperture of f/5, ISO 64, and a shutter speed of 1/250. The camera settings coupled with a technique known as “panning”, which is locking the focus onto the motorcyclist and following the bike through its progress as it passes the photographer. The blurred background, together with the blurred wheels create a dynamic image of speed on the circuit.

South Kyme: Finally a landscape image, the deep blue spring sky, the chapel on the left balanced by the tree on the right. The “Slow” aperture of f/8, ISO 160, with a shutter speed of 1/850, I possibly could have stopped the aperture down to f/10, but generally pleased with the result, and the deep colours.

I hope that this post has inspired you, demystifies some  photographic techniques, and helps you to enjoy photography.

Louth Photographic Society

by Graham Harrison 19 January 2025
Good Morning All There has been a lot of cold foggy weather lately, not to be put off I have been out walking around Binbrook taking a few winter Photos. Last week at the club we were treated to some excellent photography in our monthly PDI competition, in particular the Open competition was of such a high standard our judge Steve Chapman held back nineteen of the photographs out of twenty-four. All the results are on our website. This week, Wednesday 22nd January, those of us who took part in last years project, "Numbers", it is your chance to show us how you interpreted the subject and show your final twelve photographs, which should be one from each month. It is also a good time to start this years project, "Prime Time", one photograph a month taken with the same prime lens. If you don't have a prime lens, use a zoom set to the same focal length for each photograph. Richard Hildred also asked us to send him a few monochrome photographs that he can use in his demonstration in a few weeks' time. You can send them to myself or Derek if you don't have Richard's email. Regards Graham
by Derek Smith 16 January 2025
This was the Society's first meeting after the Christmas break, and it had a good attendance for the first competition of the New Year. The PDI competition, was judged by Steve Chapman, it was his first visit as a judge to the club. The competition had two categories: “Shadows” and “Open”. Steve judged the “Shadows” category first, where members showed great creativity. Entries included tree shadows on buildings, monochrome shadows of people, benches casting long shadows at Whitby, and Dave Turner's winning image of a man's shadow on a wet pavement. After the break, Steve judged the “Open” category. The high-quality images from various genres made judging challenging. He shortlisted 19 entries and then awarded points to choose the top three placements. Tony Gaskins entry of a dawn seascape at Mablethorpe was placed first in this category. The evening competition featured numerous high standard entries, and Steve Chapman, as judge, provided insight, knowledge, and a well-considered critique. The full results, and top three images in each category can be viewed on our website Competition page. Thanks to our judge Steve Chapman, Dave Mann for refreshments, and Paul Rudd on finances.
by Graham Harrison 12 January 2025
Good Morning All I have been out and about working and have seen quite a lot of flooding out at Brandy Wharf and frost at Linwood warren. We start back at the club this Wednesday 15th, after our Christmas break. We start with a PDI competition, with the categories of "shadows" and "open" to be judged by Steve Chapman. The following week is project night when you can show what you did for last year's project which was numbers. Regards Graham
by Derek Smith 8 January 2025
How has your photographic life been this year? I’ve been out taking photographs, but mainly for my own pleasure, and enjoyment. The weather at the start of the year seems to have been wetter, and cooler, warming up later, and this weather pattern has influenced the photos for wildlife. Our club outings to wildlife reserves produced little in the way of insects. My photographic genre of choice is for model photography, and I’ve chosen to work more in studios this year producing a good, but not exceptional body of work. Equipment wise, I’ve stayed with my Fuji camera system, and the various lenses. My only change was swapping the Fuji XF 50mm f/2 lens for the TT Artisan 56mm f/1.8 lens, and the main reason for this was the Fuji lens has a lightly damped, although clicked, aperture ring, and I kept jogging the aperture ring during shooting. I’m certainly enjoying the TT Artisans lens; the slightly longer focal length produces a nicely blurred background, and I intend to use it for more subjects than just as a pure portrait lens. Highlights of the year, well definitely the holiday to Menorca, the nature reserve on the island was literally “alive” with insects and wildlife in stark contrast to the UK. The Empsay and Bolton heritage steam railway, near Skipton, was another delight. Staying for 2 nights at the Cow and Calf Inn on Ilkley Moor, enabled me to photograph the sunset, and sunrise over the moor. In 2025 I want to take more landscape, and creative images, reducing my bias toward portraiture photography.
by Graham Harrison 5 January 2025
Good Morning All I hope you all had a good new year. Thinking I might take a nice winter scene photo this morning, but just a bit of wet snow and rain. We start back at the club a week on Wednesday (15th) with a PDI competition, Shadows and Open, I f you can send your entries to Harry by midnight next Wednesday please. Regards Graham
by Derek Smith 2 January 2025
Hopefully everyone has had a good Christmas, and perhaps enjoyed partying into the New Year. We'll soon be back to normal at the club on Wednesday 15th January, when we hold our first competition of the year, a PDI, with the categories of "Shadows", and "Open". Travelling into Lincoln today, taking advantage of the sunshine, I had my Fuji X-S20 camera with me and the 56mm f/1.8 TT Artisans prime lens, (85mm full frame equivalent), walking around with this small lightweight combination, enjoying taking various photos. Indoors now, and looking at the images, my decision is made, I shall be using the 56mm lens for the "Prime Time" annual project, a fixed focal length prime lens challenges the photographers creative compositional skills. The TT Artisans lens was inexpensive at £160, and produces great image quality, as can be seen from some of these images.
by Graham Harrison 29 December 2024
Good Morning All I hope you have all had a good Christmas. I tried to find one image to sum the year up and came up with this one taken at Whitby, overcast and rain. Not much to report, just to remind you to prepare your PDI's for the next competition on January 15th, with the categories of "Shadows" and "Open", and send them to Harry when as soon as you're ready. The new project will be starting soon as well, one photograph a month using the same prime lens for all photographs. If you only have zoom lenses just set it to the same focal length each time. Regards Graham
by Derek Smith 28 December 2024
The 2024 project was “Numbers”, one photo that included a number for each month of the year, I have just finished my last photo for this month, it has been an interesting project. Our 2025 project is “Prime Time”, one photo each month taken with the same prime lens, (a lens with a fixed focal length). Yesterday I was out visiting the Alice in Wonderland experience at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, I took one camera, the Fuji X-S20, with a Sigma 30mm f/1.4 prime lens to capture some images. Having a fixed focal length certainly makes a photographer concentrate on composition but consider that many iconic photographs from the 20th century were taken in this fashion. My 30mm lens on an APS-C camera is the equivalent of 45mm on a full frame camera, the lens is considered a “normal” focal length. For this project I would probably use my wide-angle Samyang 12mm f/2, (18mm full frame) which I normally use for architecture, or landscape photography, I could also use the TT Artisans 56mm f/1.8 (85mm full frame) portrait lens, either lens would challenge my photographic skills, and I will choose in the next week or so. Photographs taken at Castle Howard with a Sigma 30mm prime lens.
by Graham Harrison 23 December 2024
Good Morning All Last Wednesday we held our annual Buffet and quiz night including Harry's raffle. I think you would all agree we had a very good night, and I must thank all our members for donating so many raffle prizes. Thank you also to my partner Jane for preparing the buffet, Dave Mann for sorting the buffet out and making the drinks and Harry who ran the raffle and read out the quiz prepared by Paul Malley. Thank you Paul for compiling the quiz for us. We now have our Christmas break and when we return on January 15th we start with the monthly PDI competition, Shadows and Open. You can send your entries to Harry after the new year to give Harry a break, it will give us something to do over the festive season. Have a great Christmas. Regards Graham
by Derek Smith 20 December 2024
This was the last meeting of the year, and we celebrated the evening with a delicious buffet provided by Graham's partner Jane, and there was plenty of food for members attending the evening, with some members taking leftovers home. Paul Malley was unfortunately unable to attend owing to ill health, but, he had prepared a general knowledge quiz, with some very obscure questions, which kept us puzzled, and entertained, Tony Gaskins scored the most points, and took the prize cup. Members had brought in items for the raffle, Harry Kerman sold the tickets, and the raffle raised £47 for club funds. Overall it was a very successful evening. So, a big thank you to Jane for the buffet, Paul for the quiz, Harry for running the raffle, and Dave Mann for laying the buffet out, and preparing refreshments. A date for your 2025 diary: Saturday 22nd February there will be an opportunity to photograph a Taekwondo event; details to follow. Wishing all our readers, and members a very Happy Christmas.
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