Blog Post

Back to Basics

Derek Smith • 19 March 2022
Within our Society we have photographers of all abilities, and whether you are a beginner, or an experienced photographer it’s sometimes good to review our photography skills. 

Compositional Techniques – A photo should always tell a story, a narrative that conveys the subject, or point of interest of the image immediately to the viewer, so remember that lines pointing toward the subject can guide the eye. Having the subject brighter than the surrounding area is also a good technique, a shaft of light on a building can often be utilised when a break in the clouds allows. Very bright grey featureless skies can be the bane of landscape photography, try tilting the camera down to reduce the amount of sky in the final image, or try photographing the scene at a different time of day. The positioning of a subject within the photo frame is also important, if the subject can move, give it room to move into the frame, if the subject has eyes have the direction of gaze looking into the frame, or look at a point of interest within the frame, in portraiture perhaps the subject could look directly at the photographer. Decide from the outset what to include in the photo, or even more importantly what to leave out.

Focus Points – With modern digital cameras a photographer should be able to control the size, and positioning of the focus point. Leaving the focus on automatic, and wide runs the risk of the camera focus locking onto something other than your subject, or a point of interest, usually it’s the nearest thing to the camera, a blade of grass, or a tree!! Learn how to control the size, and position of the focus point on your camera thus ensuring the subject of the image is sharp.

Get Out of Auto – We use the auto exposure mode regularly on our mobile phones, and sometimes on our cameras, and there’s nothing fundamentally wrong with taking photos on Auto mode however, a photographer can be far more creative, and produce a more impactful image by selecting Aperture Priority on the camera. 

Aperture Priority Explained – The aperture of a lens, the size of the iris, the hole that lets the light into the camera via the lens, is controlled by the aperture blades. Using Aperture Priority mode allows the photographer to control, and vary the aperture, to adjust for the scene, and the ambient light. The size of aperture is denoted by what’s known as an “f” number, with the lowest “f” number opening the widest, and therefore letting the most light into the camera. In Aperture Priority mode as the aperture is varied, the camera automatically adjusts the shutter speed to give the correct exposure. Learning the effects of the different apertures can be slightly daunting for someone new to photography, so as we now know that in Aperture Priority mode adjusting the aperture also adjusts the shutter speed I would like you to think of the aperture settings, in bands, related to the shutter speed. 

Fast: f/1.0 – f/3.5, sometimes referred to as “wide open”, allows the most light into the camera, and therefore gives the highest shutter speeds. Useful for indoor low light situations, and portraits. 

Medium: f/4 – f/7.1, allows less light into the camera, useful for photography of birds, small mammals, and portraits.
 
Slow: f/8 – f/16, often referred to as “stopped down”, this is an ideal setting for landscape, architecture, and portraits. 

It is also useful to remember that most lenses produce the sharpest images between f/4 – f/8. 

Practical Application – Learn how to locate, and be able to adjust the aperture, on your camera. Setting the Mode Dial to “A” or “Av” puts the camera into Aperture Priority mode, and usually a control wheel on the camera adjusts the aperture range. One other control to consider is ISO, which controls the sensitivity of the sensor. Locate, and be able to adjust the ISO on your particular model of camera, you may have to press a button on the back of the camera, to enable adjustment of the ISO. 

Exercise – Having located the Aperture, and ISO controls on the camera, try this practical exercise; set the aperture to the “Fastest” aperture for your camera / lens combination, it may be f/2, or f/3.5. Set the ISO to 200, half press the shutter button and note the shutter speed, either in the viewfinder, or on the rear screen. Now, double the ISO to 400, and the shutter speed will double as well, repeat the experiment, at ISO settings of 800, 1600, and 3200, and observe the shutter speed double each time. You now have total control of your camera!!

It is useful to understand that a shutter speed of 1/60, and above, should enable a blur free handheld image of a static subject, (although image stabilisation, a tripod, or a convenient fence may help to steady the camera when using a slower shutter speed), and that a faster shutter speed of 1/250 will freeze action in a moving subject. 


Sample Images 

Wine glasses: This monochrome image taken at a “Fast” aperture of f/2, ISO 200, and shutter speed of 1/200 demonstrates a creative aspect of a “Fast” aperture, the foremost wine glass is sharp, but the wine glasses behind are blurred, and this type of image is not possible in Automatic Mode. 

Victorian Sewing Kit: This image taken in a National Trust property which do not allow flash photography. Using a “Medium” aperture this time of f/4.5, ISO 6400, and shutter speed of 1/8, (utilising the camera stabilisation), I found the colours very pleasing. 

Ninja: This image of a speeding motorcycle was taken at Cadwell circuit, the “Medium” aperture of f/5, ISO 64, and a shutter speed of 1/250. The camera settings coupled with a technique known as “panning”, which is locking the focus onto the motorcyclist and following the bike through its progress as it passes the photographer. The blurred background, together with the blurred wheels create a dynamic image of speed on the circuit.

South Kyme: Finally a landscape image, the deep blue spring sky, the chapel on the left balanced by the tree on the right. The “Slow” aperture of f/8, ISO 160, with a shutter speed of 1/850, I possibly could have stopped the aperture down to f/10, but generally pleased with the result, and the deep colours.

I hope that this post has inspired you, demystifies some  photographic techniques, and helps you to enjoy photography.

Louth Photographic Society

by Derek Smith 19 November 2024
We were all deeply saddened to learn that our friend, and colleague Paul Gray passed away on Saturday after a short illness. Paul was a quiet, humble, unassuming man who approached any task in a professional, diligent manner, and was not afraid to quietly speak up when something was incorrect. I was privileged to accompany Paul on several photographic shoots. Working together backstage at the Louth Riverside theatre photographing a Fleetwood Mac tribute band, where we obtained some excellent photos, firstly from the orchestral pit, and then from the wings as the band performed. Climbing Mam Tor, with Dave Turner, Paul, and myself in the pre-dawn dark to try and capture that iconic sunrise photo, unfortunately the sunrise didn’t appear, just a lightening misty greyness in the east. Disappointed, we moved on to Stanage Edge, Winnats Pass, and Padley Gorge as the sun broke through the mist, to take some great landscape images. On another occasion we set off for Whitby, at “silly o’clock” in the morning, for another sunrise shoot, this time being much more successful. Our reward for the early start was a glorious red sky as the sun rose over the seaward horizon. We ate bacon baps, and downed huge mugs of tea for an early breakfast in a “greasy spoon” café, before going on to take more photos around the picturesque Whitby quayside, and harbour. In July this year I accompanied Paul to Bridlington for a four-hour boat excursion along the coast to anchor offshore RSPB Bempton Cliffs to watch diving gannets catching fish thrown from the boat, the scene, and noise from those gannets was an incredible experience. Wonderful memories of Paul, he will be greatly missed by his family, friends, and the Society.
by Graham Harrison 17 November 2024
Good morning All Firstly my computer is not working at the moment, I am hoping to get it sorted just to retrieve the files on it. Hopefully will be sorted for next week. Last week at the club member Dave Turner gave a pdi presentation featuring Englands East coast from Northumberland to Norfolk. We were treated to some excellent photography from many places that were familiar to many of us but from maybe different angles to what we are used to seeing. The NEMPF exhibition results have been sent to me, as a club we had 7 accepted. This week, Wednesday 20th, we are holding our PDI of the year competition judged by LPA president Gail Wrigg. Regards Graham
by Derek Smith 14 November 2024
One of our members, Dave Turner, an accomplished landscape photographer, took us on a pictorial journey down the east coast of England, from Northumberland, through Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, and finally Norfolk. I was especially taken with some of the images shot from different viewpoints, Lindisfarne castle viewed from the seaward side, Dunstanburgh Castle viewed across some vicious large beach boulders, and the Longstone Lighthouse viewed from the rocky foreshore. Of course, on the east coast of England some of the sunrises can be spectacular, as several of the displayed images showed. Small fishing communities such as Runswick Bay, and Staithes demonstrated how characterful the Yorkshire coast can be. In Lincolnshire, we viewed seal pups at Donna Nook, motorcycle sand racing at Mablethorpe, and the promenade at Cleethorpes. Our pictorial journey ended in Cromer with views of the pier. A big thank you to Dave for presenting a stunning collection of images, and it was interesting to learn some of his techniques in capturing these scenes. Thanks also to Dave Mann for the refreshments.
by Derek Smith 13 November 2024
Arriving at Lincoln for our direct LNER Azuma service to London Kings Cross, I was surprised to find a Network Rail leaf treatment train, topped, and tailed by a pair of very dirty Class 66 locomotives, idling with it’s typical Class 66 rhythmic whistling sound, at the usual departure platform for our LNER service. The leaf clearing train consists of 5 tank wagons, and a compressor mounted on a flat bed wagon, this train travels along the track pressure washing the leaves, and leaf residue from the rails ensuring better grip for all rail traffic during the winter months. The following morning in London, my partner and family took me on a surprise visit to Battersea Power station, we had boarded the Underground Northern Line to Battersea Power Station Station on the recently opened Northern Line extension, not knowing where I was being led, I dutifully followed the family into the refurbished power station, this cavernous space has now been converted into a shopping centre. I was last here in 1968 to visit the working power station as a part of my electricians training course, and it’s very definitely changed since then. Led to the upper level of the shopping centre, I found that my birthday treat was a ride up a lift installed in one of the iconic power station chimneys. From the queue 20 people are moved forward to an exhibit area, then through a slowly opening door into an audio-visual show detailing some of the history of the power station, apparently the power station wasn’t bombed during the Second World War, as the chimneys were used as a navigation point by the Luftwaffe. After the audio-visual show, the group climbed 39 steps to the circular lift which elevated the group to the top of the chimney, the lift rises above the rim of the chimney, and glazed windows offer a 360 degree panoramic view over the London skyline. The windows had some raindrops on slightly obscuring the view, but that enabled me to capture this Monét style image. We completed the day with a lunchtime meal and travelled back to our base in Stratford using a fast Uber Boat catamaran down the river Thames to North Greenwich Pier for the Jubilee Line to Stratford.
by Graham Harrison 12 November 2024
Good Morning All Last week at the club we had a fascinating evening with Alan Harniess coming along to the club whilst visiting family in Louth. Alan showed us his two projects that he had completed photographing strangers he met in the street or pubs around the Birmingham area. There is a blog on our website explaining more. This week, Wednesday 13th, one of our members Dave Turner will be showing photographs from along England's East Coast. Don't forget to enter the PDI of the year if you have not already, the deadline is 6pm this Wednesday. Regards Graham
by Derek Smith 7 November 2024
Our speaker last night was Alan Harniess, he spoke about his Flickr project “100 Strangers”, the intention was to photograph 100 Strangers around his home town of Birmingham. He often found it daunting to walk up to complete strangers in the street, and ask to take a photograph of them, often he retreated to a local public house for refreshment, and sometimes found subjects in there. Alan's collection of images that he showed represented a complete cross section of British society, young, old, beautiful, care worn, characterful, and ethnically diverse. Alan’s work was inspired by the eminent portrait photographer, Jane Bown, and he had one of her photographic books on display. After the break Alan showed images from his next project, “One Family”, he spoke about his dismay about negative media commentary on ethnicity, when his experience of talking, and watching people living their lives painted a completely different picture, people just living life, and making friends whilst being indifferent to colour, race, or religion. Alan’s collection of images with mixed race couples, or friends demonstrated the diversity of current British society. Thanks Alan for a fascinating talk, with some amazing imagery, perhaps his talk will inspire members to begin a project of their own.
by Harry Kerman 4 November 2024
Graham Harrison, Dave Turner and I attended the LPA PDI Inter club Competition yesterday, 3rd November. It was well attended by the 12 LPA clubs that entered the competition. The judge was Steffan Nicholson from Newark, who apparently stepped in at the last minute as the original judge had Covid. Steffan though very critical, was very fair in his comments. However, he did make many assumptions concerning some of the images. There were some very good images from the clubs and the standard was high. The judge held 15 images back from the 108 entrants and of those he gave three 20’s. Dave Turner was one of the 15 and scored 18 points for his image, Louth’s highest scorer. Well done, Dave. The eventual outcome was Grimsby taking the honours with Axholme 2nd and Cleethorpes 3rd. We came 7th which unfortunately was not as high as last year. Diane Seddon from Cleethorpes took the individual trophy with a stunning image called The Travelling Man, it depicted a man on a bench in the pouring rain. Well, that’s it for another year, let’s hope next year we can again be in the top four, illustrated here is one of Dave Turners earlier images, Kings Cross - Going Down
by Graham Harrison 4 November 2024
Good Morning All Last week at the club we had members giving 15-minute mini lectures on club outings as well as other subjects. There is a report on our website, but it was a very good evening ending in Richard Hildred showing Bromoil prints. This week, Wednesday 6th November Alan Harness will be speaking and showing PDI's, Alan is travelling quite a way to speak to us so hopefully as many members as possible will be there on the night. If you have not entered the PDI of the year, send your entry to Harry as soon as you can please. Today at 1pm we are as a club taking part in the LPA club PDI competition at Nettleham, hopefully we will have a few members attend the competition. Regards Graham
by Derek Smith 31 October 2024
At our meeting last night, members of the Society gave a series of “mini lectures”. The topic for the evening was intended to showcase images from the summer Society outings to the nature reserves at Donna Nook, Chambers Wood, and Kirkby Gravel Pits. Unfortunately, owing to the paucity of wildlife this year at the various nature reserves the wildlife images were short on the ground, members stepped up and produced some exceptional images from over this summer. Dave Turner produced some beautiful monochrome images of grasses, and thistles from Chambers Wood. Tony Gaskins stunned with one of his trademark long exposure seascape images, followed up by atmospheric images of his trip to the isle of Harris, and a beautiful image of a Gannet inflight at Bempton Cliffs. Paul Twomey produced some excellent considered images from a visit to the National Trust properties at Quarry Bank, and Lyme Park in Cheshire. Graham Harrison as the Society President had attended all three outings found the greatest concentration of wildlife at Kirkby Gravel Pits, and this stunning image of mating damsel flies is testament to that. Chris Birchmore treated members to a selection of his images of local churches from the Open Church week, as well as photos from the Heckington Show, and steam road engines at the Driffield Showground. Last, but not least, Richard Hildred passed around some of the prints from the Bromoil Circle box, this heritage photographic print technique creates some exquisite artistic prints. It was fascinating to see the diverse skills of members of the Society, a big thanks to members who participated in the lectures making for a wonderful evening. Thanks also to Dave Mann who tirelessly provides refreshments for our evening meetings.
by Paul Malley 29 October 2024
One of the many things that life has taught me, is to be very wary of Politician's promises; alongside this is a growing skepticism in the ability of Weather Forecasters. Knowing October, I was expecting a cool, perhaps damp day but no indication of the fog at the Coast (according to our esteemed TV forecaster). Heading south over the Wolds and then past Alford the mist was bad, turning into nasty fog patches. Chapel St Leonards, as my destination, was pretty much a white-out in parts. Yet again, I do what most photographers do and adapt as best as possible to the situation. I had committed myself to a walk along the sea front, but in setting off, with the muted colours and absence of people, I thought a moody Black & White set may present itself. I enjoy attempting to visualise a B&W scene, then trying to produce my thought on the monitor with the software. I'm nowhere near as proficient as some, but the fun is in the trying. Armed with the Canon EOS 5D iv and the 24-105 f4 L IS series lens, I shot in Manual mode, setting1/250sec and using the aperture range of f8-f10, letting the camera traverse the ISO scale in Auto ISO. I find Auto ISO a real bonus as I can establish both the depth of field I want, and the time the shutter stays open (despite the light level), to let me hand hold, having confidence that the exposure is maintained as I want, through the Auto ISO. Another clever feature (useful when mist and fog are involved) is the Canon's functionality to alter the EV in Manual mode by reassigning a Fn button, rather than compromising a change in set aperture or shutter speed. I spent about an hour walking round, hardly any people around other than a few hardy walkers taking the air and a lovely lady with a Greyhound. Any day with a camera in hand is a good day, it was also pretty much free until we called in at the Garden Centre on the way home, but that's another story... Don't be put off by the weather, where possible embrace it, there's an image out there somewhere. The visit in the mist showed me low contrast levels, muted colours and how it's nice not to be trapped by people in every scene.
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